Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Current Glaucoma Programs. Minus Related Pages. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. Program activities include: Using a portable device that is taken directly to the patient to conduct optic nerve structure assessments.
This approach can be a more efficient way to reach people living in rural areas who have limited transportation options and resources. Identifying and evaluating ways to remove the barriers that prevent patients from receiving follow-up care. Comparing the cost effectiveness of this program to standard care with a specialist.
The University of Michigan. Program activities include: Using a validated telemedicine approach to screen for glaucoma and other eye diseases among populations at high risk in community primary care clinics. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation.
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. Healthy habits can help you avoid vision loss from glaucoma. Reaching People at Risk. More Information. Get Email Updates. Racial variations in the prevalence of primary open-angle Glaucoma. Prevalence of open-angle Glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains eye study. The prevalence of glaucoma in the Melbourne visual impairment project.
The age distribution of primary open angle glaucoma. Changing views on open-angle Glaucoma: definitions and Prevalences - the Rotterdam study. Clin Epidemiol Res. CAS Google Scholar. The projected increase in glaucoma due to an ageing population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. The prevalence of open-angle Glaucoma among blacks and whites 73 years and older: the Salisbury eye evaluation Glaucoma study.
Variations in primary open-angle glaucoma prevalence by age, gender, and race: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.
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PubMed Google Scholar. This means that all numbers have an equal probability of selection, and ex-directory and cable telephone numbers are included.
The face-to-face interviewees were identified by the interviewer attending all places of worship. These are located all around the borough and were a good place to reach our target population. All methods used quota sampling by age group and all participants reported being resident within the study area. In the light of the findings from the Isle and Wight and Ealing, we then performed a national telephone survey of individuals in English using the same random telephone dialling methods.
The questionnaire was designed in conjunction with British Marketing Research Bureau BMRB , specialists in the field, and in liaison with researchers with experience in the area of glaucoma health knowledge. Care was taken in the wording of questions to avoid leading questions and in their ordering to avoid questions, which could inform subsequent responses.
The questionnaire was piloted and modified in the light of that experience. The same questionnaire with a standard introduction was used for all interviews excluding the national sample. The questionnaire started with general health questions that included eye-specific topics eg medical checks in last 12 months, diseases heard of. Open questions on glaucoma and cataract were then followed by more detailed questions.
The national sample was an omnibus survey carried out by the BMRB, which was standardised. A total of interviews were completed. For the telephone interviews, we had 2. The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of four samples are shown in Table 1. There were similar numbers of male and females. Eleven regions were sampled in the national sample. In the detailed interviews, those who reported having never heard of glaucoma or cataract were asked a second time if they were sure.
The amount of knowledge professed in seven individuals who only answered positively for having heard of glaucoma on the second asking was very low suggesting good repeatability. The validity of responses is supported by the fact that none of the who said they had only heard of the name glaucoma gave a response in the section, in which they were asked to describe it.
A similar finding was true for cataract. The results are consistent with those of the crude analysis presented in Table 1. Respondent's knowledge of glaucoma was assessed in two ways. First, those interviewed were asked how much they considered they knew about glaucoma. Table 3 shows the results of these two assessments. The first major finding of this study is that more people have heard of glaucoma than suggested by patient and professional perceptions. One possible explanation for our findings is that the telephone sampling procedure resulted in bias towards a more aware population.
Although the low response rate about one-third provides substantial scope for selection bias, it is not lower than that reported for other telephone surveys. It could be that the difference in awareness of glaucoma between the face-to-face interviewees and the telephone interviewees does not simply show selection bias in the two different recruitment methods, but could reflect an underlying difference.
This is supported by the fact that other studies in developed countries using face-to-face interviews had similar results to those found in our telephone sample. This profession of knowledge was supported by the proportion of people who showed correct knowledge in response to the open-ended question.
The low level of awareness in the face-to-face interviews in Ealing is important in highlighting a potential deficiency of random telephone interviews. It can be hypothesized that the telephone is more likely to be answered by an English-speaking member of the family who is more informed, or not answered at all.
This result is important for the interpretation of other studies, in which sampling was undertaken by random digit dialling. Ethnic or other minorities may not be properly represented. This phenomenon has not been reported earlier. In Ealing, it was in the Indian population in which we observed a low awareness of glaucoma. Although face-to-face interviewers used colloquial terms for the word glaucoma for clarity when required, it is possible that this reflects the issues of translation rather than poor understanding of glaucoma.
The areas of low awareness are a concern, and in the case of the ethnic minorities in Ealing, we are addressing this with public health campaign to see if awareness about glaucoma can be improved. Interestingly, those that were aware of glaucoma in this subgroup had a high degree of knowledge of glaucoma.
The higher level of awareness contrasts with the findings from other countries, 10 , 22 and from the earlier qualitative studies. The work of Michielutte et al 25 also found younger people to be less knowledgeable. People from higher social class were more aware, although there is a bias in the national sample; no individuals from semi-routine, routine or unemployed were sampled. This is likely to mean that we have a slight over estimate of numbers who have heard of glaucoma in the national sample.
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