The name of the company who, through a contract, provides resources to support incident management activities. See also: Unit, Home ; Unit, Provider. Agency personnel with specific delegation of procurement authority, also known as warranted Contracting Officer. An individual designated by the Contracting Officer to provide technical support for the contract within specific authority and limitations as specified in the delegation. Private sector personnel, vendor or business contracted to provide goods and services to a government agency.
An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated fire edges used to control a fire. The completion of control line around a fire, any spot fires therefrom, and any interior islands to be saved; burned out any unburned area adjacent to the fire side of the control lines; and cool down all hotspots that are immediate threats to the control line, until the lines can reasonably be expected to hold under the foreseeable conditions.
Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR and VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification. Shut-off nozzle that permits the nozzle operator to open or close the nozzle or adjust the pattern of the stream. The transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid; convection, conduction, and radiation are the principal means of energy transfer. As specialized in meteorology, atmospheric motions that are predominantly vertical in the absence of wind which distinguishes this process from advection , resulting in vertical transport and mixing of atmospheric properties.
The rising column of gases, smoke, fly ash, particulates, and other debris produced by a fire. The column has a strong vertical component indicating that buoyant forces override the ambient surface wind. General term for manifestations of convection in the atmosphere, alluding particularly to the development of convective clouds and resulting weather phenomena, such as showers, thunderstorms, squalls, hail, tornadoes, etc.
The phase of a fire when most of the emissions are entrained into a definite convection column. The term for horizontal air currents merging together or approaching a single point, such as at the center of a low pressure area producing a net inflow of air.
When this occurs in the lower atmosphere, the excess air is removed by rising air currents. Expansion of the rising air above a convergence zone results in cooling, which in turn often gives condensation clouds and sometimes precipitation. The area of increased flame height and fire intensity produced when two or more fire fronts burn together.
In fire weather, that area where two winds come together from opposite directions and are forced upwards often creating clouds and precipitation.
Burning an area where brush has excluded forest reproduction to prepare the area for tree planting. An agency supplying assistance including but not limited to direct tactical or support functions or resources to the incident control effort e. Red Cross, law enforcement agency, telephone company, etc. A federal, tribal, state, or local agency that participates with another agency s in planning and conducting fire or emergency management projects and activities.
The process of systematically analyzing a situation, developing relevant information, and informing appropriate command authority of viable alternatives for selection of the most effective combination of available resources to meet specific objectives.
The coordination process which can be either intra- or interagency does not involve dispatch actions. However, personnel responsible for coordination may perform command or dispatch functions within limits established by specific agency delegations, procedures, legal authority, etc.
Term used to describe any facility that is used for the coordination of agency or jurisdictional resources in support of one or more incidents. An apparent force due to the rotation of the earth that causes a deflection of air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
This force maximizes at the poles and is essentially zero at the equator. Result of chemical reaction between a metal and its environment i.
Agreements that document the financial responsibility for incident resource costs, possibly identifying requirements of other party payments. Long-handled combination rake and cutting tool, the blade of which is constructed of a single row of three or four sharpened teeth.
Also called fire rake, council rake. Fire set between main fire and backfire to hasten spread of backfire. Emergency firing to stop, delay, or split a fire front, or to steer a fire. Device that connects the ends of adjacent hoses or other components of hose.
The area on the ground covered by the combined aerial parts of plants expressed as a percent of the total area. The designation of a vegetation complex described by dominant species, age, and form. Coverage level 2 represents 2 gallons of retardant per hundred square feet. Levels range from 1 to 6 for most fuel models. A coverage level of greater than 6 is for heavy fuels.
The levels can be adjusted for fire behavior. A progressive line construction duty involving self-sufficient crews which build fire line until the end of the operational period, remain at or near the point while off duty, and begin building fireline the next operational period where they left off. An organized group of firefighters under the leadership of a crew boss or other designated official. Any vehicle capable of transporting a specified number of personnel in a specified manner.
Pollutants deemed most harmful to public health and welfare and that can be monitored effectively. They include carbon monoxide CO , lead Pb , nitrogen oxides Nox , sulfur dioxide SO2 , ozone O3 , particulate matter PM of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers PM10 and particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2. Total time a fuel can burn and continue to feed energy to the base of a forward-traveling convection column.
The process in which teams of professional and peer counselors provide emotional and psychological support to incident personnel who are or have been involved in a critical highly stressful incident.
Intersecting lines of sight from two points to the same object, frequently used to determine location of a fire from lookouts. Also called cross bearing. Combustion of the twigs, and needles or leaves of a tree during a fire.
The ground area covered by the crown of a tree as delimited by the vertical projection of its outermost perimeter. A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire.
Crown fires are sometimes classed as running or dependent to distinguish the degree of independence from the surface fire. A fire that rises from ground into the tree crowns and advances from tree top to tree top. To intermittently ignite tree crowns as a surface fire advances. Browning of needles or leaves in the crown of a tree or shrub caused by heating to lethal temperature during a fire. Crown scorch may not be apparent for several weeks after the fire. The height above the surface of the ground to which a tree canopy is scorched.
A probability that a crown fire may start, calculated from inputs of foliage moisture content and height of the lowest part of the tree crowns above the surface. The ultimate growth of a cumulus cloud into an anvil-shaped cloud with considerable vertical development, usually with fibrous ice crystal tops, and usually accompanied by lightning, thunder, hail, and strong winds.
A principal low cloud type in the form of individual cauliflower-like cells of sharp non-fibrous outline and less vertical development than cumulonimbus. A fireline trench on the downhill side of fire burning on steep slopes that is supposed to be built deep enough to catch rolling firebrands that could otherwise start fire below the fireline.
A high berm on the outermost downhill side of the trench helps the cup trench catch material. Also known as gutter trench. Weight of a truck empty without payload and driver but ready to drive, including a full fuel tank, cooling system, crankcase, tools, spare wheel, and all other equipment specified as standard.
In fire danger rating, a subjective estimate of the degree of activity of a potential human-caused fire source relative to that which is normally experienced. Five activity levels are defined: none, low, normal, high, and extreme. Definition Extension: One of the underlying principles that govern the interpretation of most fire pattern indicators. This principle may be observed on various surfaces of individual objects or by comparing the damage within adjoining areas of the fire.
The amount of fire related destruction to combustible objects determined by comparing opposing sides of an object. Fuels with no living tissue in which moisture content is governed almost entirely by absorption or evaporation of atmospheric moisture relative humidity and precipitation.
In fire suppression terminology, a fire spreading from any fire originally ignited to clear land or burn rubbish, garbage, crop stubble, or meadows excluding incendiary fires. In prescribed fire terminology, a fire used to dispose of scattered, piled, or windrowed dead woody fuel, generally in the absence of a merchantable overstory.
Its purpose is to reduce unsightly fuel concentrations, or consume unwanted natural fuels to facilitate subsequent resource management or land use actions on the area. The helibase operational area that includes the touchdown pad, safety circle, hover lanes, and external cargo transport area. A fire burning far below the surface in duff, mulch, peat, or other combustibles as contrasted with a surface fire. A fire that has gained headway and built up heat in a structure so as to require greater cooling for extinguishment.
As it refers to atmospheric pressure, a decrease in the central pressure of a low. This is usually accompanied by intensification of the cyclonic circulation counter-clockwise wind flow around the low. Chemical decomposition by burning material in which the reaction is less than sonic velocity, for example, low explosives.
A burning with great heat and intense light. In a discussion of fire retardant slurries, deterioration of viscosity. Polystyrene balls, 1. The balls are fed into a dispenser, generally mounted in a helicopter, where they are injected with a water-glycol solution and then drop through a chute leading out of the helicopter.
The chemicals react thermally and ignite in seconds. The space between ignition points on the ground is primarily a function of helicopter speed, gear ratio of the dispenser, and the number of chutes used up to four. A statement provided to the incident commander by the agency executive delegating authority and assigning responsibility. The delegation of authority can include objectives, priorities, expectations, constraints and other considerations or guidelines as needed.
Many agencies require written delegation of authority to be given to incident commanders prior to their assuming command on larger incidents. Release of resources from an incident in strict accordance with a detailed plan approved by the incident commander. Functional unit within the planning section responsible for assuring orderly, safe and efficient demobilization of incident resources.
A layer of clouds whose ratio of dense sky cover to total sky cover is more than one-half. Sky cover that prevents detection of higher clouds or the sky above it.
The ratio of the original volume of the nonaerated foam solution to the resultant volume of foam. The inverse of expansion. An NDVI-derived image of vegetation greenness compared to its average greenness for the current week of the year. Sometimes referred to as "alligatoring", where combustible material appears to have a fissured or scaly appearance similar to an alligator's hide.
Most commonly associated with finished lumber products, such as boards and fence posts. A qualified individual who could be delegated the authority to manage a functional operation or perform a specific task.
In some cases, a Deputy could act as relief for a superior. Deputies can be assigned to the incident commander, general staff, and branch directors.
Chemical that, when applied to a living plant, causes or accelerates drying of its aerial parts; used to facilitate burning of living vegetation by substantially lowering fuel moisture content within a few hours. Those areas identified as principal population centers or other areas requiring protection under state or federal air quality laws or regulations. The address where the unit must be physically located, and dispatched from, during the mandatory availability period.
The act or system of discovering and locating fires. An extreme rapid decomposition of a material in which the reaction is more than a sonic velocity, for example, high explosives. Temperature to which a specified parcel of air must cool, at constant pressure and water-vapor content, in order for saturation to occur. The dew point is always lower than the wet-bulb temperature, which is always lower than the dry-bulb temperature, except when the air is saturated and all three values are equal.
Fog may form when temperature drops to equal the dew point. Fingers or islands of less intensely burned areas or areas where the fire has self extinguished. A set of points which defines the terrain as numbers for computer applications.
This data may be used to draw contours, make ortho photos, slope maps, and drive fire models. A control strategy used in managing smoke from prescribed fires in which smoke concentration is reduced by diluting it through a greater volume of air, either by scheduling during good dispersion conditions or burning at a slower rate.
Any treatment applied directly to burning fuel such as wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or by physically separating the burning from unburned fuel. That area for which a particular fire protection organization has the primary responsibility for attacking an uncontrolled fire and for directing the suppression action. Such responsibility may develop through law, contract, or personal interest of the firefighting agent e.
Several agencies or entities may have some basic responsibilities e. The physical characteristics of the indicators that show the direction of fire spread, i.
The ICS title for an individual responsible for supervision of a branch. Determination that a fire exists. Location and reporting of a fire is not required as is with detection. Elapsed time from start of fire known or estimated until the time of the first discovery that results directly in fire suppression action. A separate radio frequency most commonly used in air traffic control which reduces frequency congestion by controlling the number of aircraft or other resources operating on a particular frequency.
The implementation of a command decision to move a resource or resources from one place to another. The center may process requests, coordinate response, or track resources and information under the delegation of its benefiting agency s. The dispatch center actively supporting an incident and the resources assigned or a resource who is temporarily transferred for official action i.
Definition extension: The current dispatch center for an incident may change to support other centers, units or agencies. The current dispatch center may be the same as the incident dispatch center or home dispatch center or may be different.
Current dispatch center for tactical aviation resources is directly associated with the resource independent of an incident. The Home Dispatch Center is responsible for initial mobilization and is the Center associated with the resource when an assignment is completed. Definition extension : Every resource has a home dispatch center. The decrease in concentration of airborne pollutants as they spread throughout an increasing volume of atmosphere.
In WIMS, a one-digit number representing the number of decision points used to evaluate the magnitude of the Staffing Index. In WIMS, the climatological breakpoints separating the highest staffing levels. Commonly these are the index values corresponding to the 90th and 97th or 80th and 95th percentiles for the staffing index.
A concept of providing access to quality wildland fire education and training using appropriate instructional technology, delivered anywhere, anytime to prepare a fire management work force to safely achieve fire management objectives. Aircraft navigational equipment that provides the slant range distance in miles kilometers from the aircraft to the VOR station to which the DME is tuned, usually at or near an airport.
An on-line mission rehearsal event providing an individual or team with an experiential learning environment utilizing the National Interagency Incident Management System to "game" a computer generated incident from multiple training locations. Daily, especially pertaining to cyclic actions which are completed within 24 hours, and which recur every 24 hours, such as temperature, relative humidity and wind. The expansion or spreading out of a horizontal wind field.
Generally associated with high pressure and light winds. Divisions are used to divide an incident into geographical areas of operation. Divisions are established when the number of resources exceeds the span-of-control of the operations chief. Functional unit within the planning section responsible for collecting, recording and safeguarding all documents relevant to the incident.
Prescribed burning early in the dry season before the leaves and undergrowth are completely dry or before the leaves are shed, as an insurance against more severe fire damage later on. An offender who sets two fires at one site, at the same time, in a single event. Two lengths of hose rolled side by side or a single length rolled into two small coils for convenient handling. A hose-coupling device having two female swivel couplings to permit joining two male hose nipples of the same size and thread type when lines are laid with couplings in opposite or reverse directions.
Fire hose having two cotton or other fiber jackets outside the rubber lining or tubing. A hose-coupling device having two male thread nipples for connecting hose and for connecting two female couplings of the same diameter.
Equipment is staffed with 2 operators or crews 1 per shift and must be ordered and documented on a resource order. Reference OF general clauses for payment information. Regardless of hiring method, on-shift time for operated equipment will be recorded with clock hours on the appropriate document, e.
A 50 or foot length of hose or a foot length of hose rolled up for easy handling. There are various ways of forming the doughnut. A convenient one has both couplings close together with the male thread protected by the female coupling. A calculated reduction in actual payload to provide a margin of safety. Any steel tracked vehicle equipped with a front mounted blade used for exposing mineral soil.
A resource that includes a dozer, its transportation unit and a standard complement of personnel for its operation. Fireline constructed by the front blade of a dozer. Any ground vehicle with personnel capable of maintenance, minor repairs, and limited fueling of dozers. Drawing water from static sources such as a lake, pond, cistern, river, etc. This is done by removing the air from the pump and allowing atmospheric pressure [ The time minutes it takes for foam solution to drop out from the foam mass; for a specified percent of the total solution contained in the foam to revert to liquid and drain out of the bubble structure.
Needles, leaves, and twigs that have fallen from above and have lodged on lower branches or brush. Draped fuels are part of aerial fuels. Effect of wind on smoke, retardant drops, paracargo, smokejumper streamers, etc. Smoke that has drifted from its point of origin and is no longer dominated by convective motion. May give false impression of a fire in the general area where the smoke has drifted.
Hand-held device for igniting fires by dripping flaming liquid fuel on the materials to be burned; consists of a fuel fount, burner arm, and igniter.
Fuel used is generally a mixture of diesel and gasoline. An axle that supports a portion of the vehicle weight and transmits a driving force to the wheels. Wheels powered by all of the vehicle's drive axles. Dual tires are considered as single wheels. The number of wheels is commonly referenced by the terms "4x2", "4x4", etc. Precipitation composed exclusively of water drops smaller than 0.
The type of retardant drop selected to cover a ground target. Terms that can specify the type of drop configuration include Salvo Drop and Trail Drop. Indicates that the airtanker has the target in sight and will make a retardant drop on this run over the target. The distribution of an aerially delivered retardant drop on the target area in terms of its length, width, and momentum velocity x mass as it approaches the ground.
The latter determines the relative coverage level of the fire retardant on fuels within the pattern. Target area for airtankers, helitankers, cargo dropping. A period of relatively long duration with substantially below-normal precipitation, usually occurring over a large area. A number representing the net effect of evaporation, transpiration and precipitation in producing cumulative moisture depletion in deep duff or upper soil layers.
Device used to transport a gallon drum L via sling on a helicopter. The government furnishes all operating supplies after the equipment arrives at the incident.
The rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted adiabatically through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium.
Numerically equal to 9. A portion of the atmosphere that has a relatively low dew point temperature and where the formation of clouds, fog, or precipitation is unlikely. A name given to an ordinary thermometer used to determine the temperature of the air to distinguish it from the wet bulb.
The temperature of the air measured in the shade feet above the ground. A contiguous series of days having a pre-established number of fire ignitions with a fuel dryness level that historically resulted in a significant fire event for a particular area. A low expansion foam type with stable bubble structure and slow drain time which is used primarily for resource and property protection. Permanent devices with fire engine threads attached to expedite drafting operations in locations where there are water sources suitable for use in fire suppression e.
Permanently installed supply private fire pumps which depend upon suction sources. Also called suction pipe. Thunderstorm in which negligible precipitation reaches the ground. Also called dry storm. Refers to dry chemical retardants stored at air attack bases and available for mixing with water. In a psychrometer, the thermometer not covered with muslin which is used to determine air temperature.
The layer of decomposing organic materials lying below the litter layer of freshly fallen twigs, needles, and leaves and immediately above the mineral soil. Regular number of hours worked per week by a full-time firefighter, excluding overtime. A circular-like flow of a fluid such as air or water drawing its energy from a flow of much larger scale, and brought about by pressure irregularities as in the downwind lee side of a solid obstacle.
For example, wind conditions may be erratic and may eddy on the downwind side of large rock outcroppings, buildings, etc. The place where plant communities meet or where successional stages or vegetative conditions within plant communities come together. The boundary between two fairly distinct fuel types. Method of burning in which fires are set along the edges of an area and allowed to spread inward. A device used to introduce and mix fire chemical into a water stream. An eductor is a fitting with three ports, an inlet for water flow, an outlet for water flow, and an inlet for fire chemical concentrate.
The flow of water through the eductor produces a region of lower pressure at the fire chemical inlet, drawing the chemical into the water stream. The midflame wind speed adjusted for the effect of slope on fire spread. A siphon device used to fill an engine's tank when the water source is below or beyond the engine's drafting capability. Conceptually represents the optimum integration of modern educational methods and professional staff development training with state of the art technology.
The primary goal is enhancing on-the-job performance, motivation, and learning performance. In hydraulics, the pressure loss caused by raising water through hose or pipe to a higher elevation roughly equal to one psi for every two-foot increase in elevation above the pump The duration is for the length of the incident only.
A person employed as an emergency worker on a forest or wildland fire which threatens damage to property under public management. Emergency firefighters are hired for the duration of the emergency only. A radio transmitter attached to the aircraft structure which operates from its own power source on The transmitter transmits a distinctive downward swept audio tone for homing purposes and is designed to function without human action after an accident.
The plan that each jurisdiction has and maintains for responding to appropriate hazards. Any federal, state, or local emergency public safety, law enforcement, emergency responder, emergency medical including hospital emergency facilities , and related personnel, agencies, and authorities. It is any organization responding to an emergency, or providing mutual aid support to such an organization, whether in the field, at the scene of an incident, or operations center. Groupings of governmental and certain private sector capabilities and functions into an organizational structure to provide support, resources, program implementation, and services that are most likely needed to support disaster response operations.
The mass of particulate matter produced per unit mass of fuel consumed pounds per ton, grams per kilogram. The amount, or mass of smoke produced per unit of time.
A strategy for controlling smoke from prescribed fires that minimizes the amount of smoke output per unit area treated. A general type of standard that limits the mass of a pollutant that may be emitted by a source. The most straightforward emissions standard is a simple limitation on mass of pollutant per unit time e. The computed total heat release per unit area British thermal units per square foot within the flaming front at the head of a moving fire.
Any ground vehicle providing specified levels of pumping, water, and hose capacity but with less than the specified level of personnel. A resource that includes an engine of a specific type. The type specifies tank capacity, pump rating, hose capacity and number of personnel. A situation where personnel are unexpectedly caught in a fire behavior-related, life-threatening position where planned escape routes or safety zones are absent, inadequate, or compromised.
An entrapment may or may not include deployment of a fire shelter for its intended purpose. These situations may or may not result in injury. They include "near misses. A process used to improve the safety of personnel on the fireline, which emphasizes tools and tactics available to prevent being trapped in a burnover situation.
This process includes appropriate decision making through risk management, application of LCES, use of pre-established trigger points, and recognition of suitable escape routes and safety zones. Direct attack with multiple anchor points, that allows for multiple points of attack. Generally used as an engine tactic in the wildland urban interface. The complex surroundings of an item or area of interest, such as air, water, natural resources, and their physical conditions temperature, humidity.
A condition of poor contaminant dispersion which may result in concentrations considered potentially harmful to health or welfare. Episodes may also occur during periods of fairly good dispersion if the source of air contaminants is extremely large. Moisture content that a fuel particle will attain if exposed for an infinite period in an environment of specified constant temperature and humidity.
When a fuel particle reaches equilibrium moisture content, net exchange of moisture between it and its environment is zero. A preplanned and understood route firefighters take to move to a safety zone or other low-risk area. When escape routes deviate from a defined physical path, they should be clearly marked flagged. Fire which has exceeded or is expected to exceed initial attack capabilities or prescription. An entity which oversees the preparedness activities for a particular ESF and coordinates with its primary and support agencies.
A Federal agency with significant authorities, roles, resources, and capabilities for a particular function within an ESF. An entity with specific capabilities or resources that support the primary agencies in executing the mission of the ESF.
A measurement of horizontal position error for a GPS unit expressed in feet or meters. An organized, phased, and supervised withdrawal, dispersal, or removal of civilians from dangerous or potentially dangerous areas, and their reception and care in safe areas.
To review and compare outcomes with management and incident objectives desired for a wildland fire. One of the six component activities in an adaptive management process that may lead to adjusting future actions. The individual who is qualified in the position being evaluated, or supervises the position being evaluated, having responsibility for observing task s being performed and documenting successful performance for agency certification or re-certification.
The transformation of a liquid to its gaseous state; heat is released by the liquid during this process. A planned, non-emergency activity. ICS can be used as the management system for a wide range of events, e. An area where evidence or potential evidence is or may be located and should be secured and protected from unauthorized entry. Device which uses the exhaust gas flow of an engine for priming a centrifugal pump.
An organization needed to support an incident which expands along with the Incident Command System. The ratio of the volume of the foam in its aerated state to the original volume of the non-aerated foam solution.
Someone with sufficient skill, knowledge, or experience in a given field so as to be capable of drawing inferences or reaching conclusions or opinions that an average person would not be competent to reach. The expert's opinion testimony should aim the judge or jury in their understanding of the fact at issue. The side of an object facing the oncoming fire. Property that may be endangered by a fire burning in another structure or by a wildfire. Direction in which a slope faces, usually with respect to cardinal directions.
The general surroundings of a site with special reference to its openness to winds. Classification for a fire not originating in a building, but which ignites building s. A fire originating in one building and spreading to another is classified under the original cause of fire.
To drop retardant in such a way that the load slightly overlaps and links a previous drop. Actions taken on a wildfire that has exceeded the initial response. The protection of structures from the exterior, with no interior access or activity. Maximum external stress load in pounds with full fuel and pilot in calm air at standard atmospheric temperature.
Substance used to put out a fire by cooling the burning material, blocking the supply of oxygen, or chemically inhibiting combustion. For any particular fire which is neither contained nor controlled, any hour period following the termination of the first burning period.
Extreme implies a level of fire behavior characteristics that ordinarily precludes methods of direct control action. Predictability is difficult because such fires often exercise some degree of influence on their environment and behave erratically, sometimes dangerously.
Person who sees evidence of criminal activity, actual commission of a crime or a criminal fleeing a crime scene. Functional unit within the logistics section that provides the layout, activation, and management of all incident facilities. These facilities may include the incident base, feeding areas, sleeping areas, sanitary facilities, etc.
A temperature scale on which F denotes the temperature of melting ice, and F the temperature of boiling water, both under standard atmospheric pressure. A reported smoke or fire requiring no suppression; for example, brush burning under control, mill smoke, false smoke, etc.
Refers to the regulations governing all aviation activities of civil aircraft within the United States and its territories. The person appointed by the President to coordinate federal assistance in the designated area following the declaration of a major disaster or emergency under the Stafford Act. Principles and policies providing a common approach to wildland fire for federal agencies. Students who plan to enroll in the Spring Semester must be fully vaccinated. For more information, visit coronavirus.
Many of the microorganisms we will be working with in lab are known pathogens. Proper and appropriate aseptic technique is vitally important for the safety of all lab personnel; it is also essential for the successful completion of the lab portion of this class.
The skills and awareness you develop practicing aseptic technique will carry over to your career as a health professional.
Many of our former students comment that this is the most important thing they learned in lab! Complete documentation is available at the CDC website. Aseptic technique involves developing both manual dexterity in safely handling the microorganisms and mental dexterity in thinking ahead about what you are doing with the microorganism.
In this lab you will learn how to:. You need to have your workspace well organized. Lab bench space is very limited. You need to have all your materials close to you. Do not stretch over the table for what you need.
Each of you have your own loop and tubes, but you will be sharing a Bunsen burner and other lab equipment. One of your main concerns when working with microorganisms is to avoid producing aerosols that you can breathe in and droplets that can land on you, your lab partners, and your lab equipment. You will spend a lot of time in lab transferring organisms from one tube to another, or to slides or to plates.
It is imperative that you do this quickly and safely. After you have practiced these procedures several times your instructor or IA will assess your proficiency. It is essential that you grasp these skills before you proceed to working with actual microorganisms. Special precautions must be taken to prevent the formation of aerosols when working with BSL2 organisms. Safety Note: Empty cylinders may have some pressure still from lingering fuel vapors and should not be punctured.
Most Bernzomatic products are not permitted to be carried on to aircraft. Visit the FAA Packsafe page for details. All instructions may be downloaded from our Product Support page. You may view our Safety Data Sheets here. You can contact us by email or via our website. Why did the oxygen tank in my brazing torch kit run out of fuel so soon? The oxygen tanks are designed for smaller projects and burn at a much higher rate than torch fuel.
Oxygen tanks are generally a ratio when compared to propane. Depending on your project, an additional oxygen cylinder may be required.
This tank is marketed and sold as an empty tank. Be sure that the safety lock button is disengaged before trying to ignite. The safety lock button is just under the ignition button; slide the lever down and the trigger will be able to move freely. If you need additional troubleshooting help, please contact our customer care team.
Why did my hobby and household torch stop working after only a few uses? However, if used as a gas torch without removing the soldering tip, damage can occur. Before starting a project, always make sure to refer to the instructions and specific assembly steps for your operation. For troubleshooting help, please contact our customer care team. Stiffness is usually caused by coiling during packaging. Before first use, we recommend laying the unit flat for a few minutes to allow the material to relax.
The flexibility of the hose will improve with each use. We recommend using clean-burning propane fuel for cooking. In addition, you have complete control over the distance between flame and dish. Bernzomatic torches are precisely engineered to produce the most efficient flame with the tip provided. Modifications or attachments may impact the torch performance and are not recommended.
Please note: the Bernzomatic product warranty is void if the product is modified in any way. DIYers, makers and pros accomplish more with Bernzomatic. Before you submit a message, please make sure all fields are populated. All fields are required unless noted. This site uses JavaScript to enhance functionality.
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